Every once in a while, John Leo writes something which sparkles with brilliance. The first couple o' paragraphs of his column, Time to fix the court, is one of them.
As soon as the filibuster deal was
announced, we began to hear the argument that President Bush should
sustain the spirit of compromise by naming a moderate as his first
selection to the Supreme Court. This suggestion, floated mostly by
Democrats and faithfully carried in headlines and news reports as a
neutral idea, boils down to this: It would be needlessly provocative
for Bush to name a Supreme Court justice who reflects his party's basic
conviction that something is very wrong with the courts.
Here is the dominant Republican concern in two short sentences, as
framed by blogger Mickey Kaus (a conservative Democrat, as it happens):
"In the post-Warren era, judges . . . have almost uncheckable
antidemocratic power. The Constitution has been durably politicized in
a way that the Framers didn't anticipate." Burt Neuborne of New York
University law school said recently that his fellow Democrats may be
making a mistake by depending so heavily on judges to establish law
without seeking true public support.
Well, that's one way of putting it. Another is simply to say that the
Democrats consistently rely on judges to impose legislation that they
can't get through the normal democratic process because majorities
don't want it. As a result, our politics and our courts have been
deformed. A contempt for majorities keeps growing on the left, and
contempt for the courts keeps rising on the right. Megan McArdle, the
sensible blogger at Asymmetrical Information, says Republicans are
determined to pack the court because "it is the only way Democrats have
left them to undo the quasi-legislation that liberal judges wrote."
He goes on to criticize the lamentable efforts that the GOP has taken to reform the Court, nominating left-leaning moderates, and the cozy relations between Democrats, law professors, the Court, and the media.
It is clear that the Judiciary has been politicized. Whether it always was, or whether this is a recent development, I'm not certain. I'm inclined to believe that it always was political, and the appearance of judicial independence was maintained by fitting within the parameters of the dominant political party or philosophy of the time. For example, Lincoln had a good deal of trouble with the Supreme Court during his tenure, and in partiuclar, with Chief Justice Taney, author of Dredd Scott. Likewise, FDR had a devil of a time getting the Court to play nice with his New Deal reforms. What is significant here is that both Lincoln and FDR were watershed leaders, who changed the political landscape after them, and who had to contend with reactionary judges from an earlier paradigm.
The politicized nature of the Judiciary didn't register with many on the Left until Bush v. Gore. That must have been a rude awakening. Not only did their traditional allies on the bench fail to support Gore's attempt to litigate his way into the White House, but the 14 Amendment's Due Process and Equal Protection clauses were used to safeguard born-again George W. Bush's electoral victory. Boy, that must have stung. Continues Leo:
Don't blow it. Democrats try to frame their
case by saying that Republicans are attacking the independence of the
judiciary. Not true. They are attacking the process by which the policy
preferences of the left are removed from the democratic process and
written into the Constitution. The current moment may be the one
historic opportunity that the Republicans will have to halt and reverse
this severe damage to the courts. If they blow this chance out of
timidity or bipartisan niceness, many of us will conclude that the GOP
is not really a serious party entitled to our support.
Roe is a particularly noteworthy example. Now I think that Roe is a through, pragmatic, and ultimately enlightened law. Which is to say, it would make for great legislation, but makes for horrible jurisprudence. That abortion was not on the Founding Fathers' radar screen when they wrote the Constitution is moot. This issue should have been considered, decided, and possibly re-visited by the representatives of the people, in a democratic forum.
Looking back on the case law that has been written by the Court since the Warren Era, it's clear that some kind of reform is needed. Creative decisions, like Roe, have come down and settled contentious political issues, outside of the political process. This must stop. Yet this is not the reason why Democrats want moderates on the bench. They are afraid that a Republican Court will utilized the precedents and methods which their Courts have honed over the years to produce conservative legal solutions to political problems. Call it Karma, call it comeuppance, call it turnaround-is-fairplay, call it what you will, but they fear it.
Which is why I hope that the future Republican Courts do not succumb to heavy-handed interference ala Warren Court. I don't want "moderates" however. "Moderates," not extremists, are the political actors most likely to destroy our rights. Just look at McCain-Feingold. It circumscribes free political speech for just about everyone except the candidates and the media, in the interest of cleaning up politics.
No, I want Justices who respect the powers and the checks and balances of the Constitution. But asking an institution to limit itself and its scope is like trying to hold up a falling sky -- pointless. And, what's more, judging by the success of the majority Republicans attempts to limit the size and scope of the Federal government, a conservative Court would redefine the Constitution to suit their own ends.
Ultimately, that's what a mandate means in American Democracy: the opportunity to fashion and re-fashion the Republic, not the opportunity to compromise and find the middle ground. As far as the future of the Court is concerned, moderates are red herrrings.
The great, unanswered question that surrounds future conservative Courts, is "In whose interest will they act?" Pre-9/11 minority conservatism argued for the doctrines of State's Rights and Legislative Supremacy. Post-9/11 majoritarian Republicans have been more, um, selective, when it comes to pursuing these goals, but the commitment to a more circumscribed Judiciary seems real. Will a future, conservatve Supreme Court act in accordance with small government or big government Republcans? Or, will it act in its own institutional interest, maximize the scope of the Federal government and the role of Federal caselaw in shaping the Republic? As I see it, these will be foundations of this young century's future consitutional crises.